Insights Background

Insights

+++ TRANSFORMING MANUFACTURING +++ $100M FUND FOR SUNRISE INDUSTRIES +++ INVESTING IN THE INDIAN CENTURY +++ DIGITIZING THE FACTORY FLOOR +++ THE SHOVEL STRATEGY +++ TRANSFORMING MANUFACTURING +++ $100M FUND FOR SUNRISE INDUSTRIES +++ INVESTING IN THE INDIAN CENTURY +++ DIGITIZING THE FACTORY FLOOR +++ THE SHOVEL STRATEGY +++
Economic Times Article
Economic Times

Transforming Manufacturing: The a99 Journey

"Low on glam, high on returns." An exclusive look at how Vignesh Shankar turned a $1M friend-fund into a manufacturing powerhouse.

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Video
Panel Discussion

How Alternative Asset Classes Unlock New Avenues For Wealth Creation | Top AIF Fund Managers

Dealflow IQ
Dealflow IQ

Too Big to Stay Small

Deep dive analysis into a99's growth trajectory and sector dominance.

YourStory Article
YourStory Exclusive

The $100M Fund for Sunrise Industries

"In a gold rush, sell shovels." Vignesh Shankar on backing the 'small wheels'.

From a99 • Vignesh Shankar

Making Our Bones!

"It's a strange place, the venture world..." The reality of starting a fund from scratch.

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Viestories Article
Viestories • Exclusive

Eyes on Infrastructure Bets

A99 to raise $100 Million third fund. An in-depth look at the sectors we are betting on.

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Strategic Update
Strategic Update

Insights on Venture investing, disciplined investing, and India’s manufacturing momentum.

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LinkedIn Article • Vignesh Shankar

Shipbuilding: India's Next Industrial Deep End

A deep dive into the manufacturing momentum, strategic advantages, and investment potential of the Indian shipbuilding industry.

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From a99 • Fund II

FM 104.6!

The journey of the Second Fund. "We should launch our next SEBI Registered fund."

From a99 • Transparency

What delayed this?

A transparent look at why silence is sometimes necessary when building.

From a99 • Origin Story

How We Got Here

Can anyone precisely pinpoint why something is started? A look back.

From a99 • Thesis

Motoring Away!

Our deep dive thesis on Avartan and energy efficiency.

Venture Capital

Making Our Bones!

It’s been a while since I did this on behalf of us. We at a99 have been making measured strides into the big boys’ VC world in the past 6-8 months. It’s a strange place, the venture world; one day we think we are in control of the proceedings, and the next day we realize we are not.

Like they say, “It’s a strange world of language in which skating on thin ice can get you into hot water!” As always, the learnings for the team and me are tremendous. Some of them are hilarious as well, for instance, if an investor says “I am in, I will invest”, it doesn’t necessarily mean he is going to! Or a few investors saying “Why are you not a SAAS fund? I think that segment only will do well, and you are from Chennai also!” To serious insights like “I would like you guys to do a mock founder interview with me so that I can see how you guys judge a founder and an idea.” When we asked what is the idea for which we are judging a founder, he replied, “Pick an idea that you think will not work, now interview and judge me.” This went on for 4 hours.

We did go on roadshows to the US, Oman, Singapore, Wild Indian west, amongst other places, and each place was significant in terms of understanding ideas and investor mindset, especially the US. I quite literally had to go under office desks to find investors hiding! Jokes apart, it is a tough market to raise money from now, considering the seasonal political and economic crises they seem to be having every year!

In a span of 8 months, we have committed (soft and hard) in excess of 50% of our fund. A couple of large institutional checks are awaited. We have made 2 investments in the hyper-automation+ AI and the Switched Reluctance Motor segments. Both are fantastic teams with whom we have been in touch with much prior to establishing the beachhead for this fund. It gets me thinking if an average period of 10 months is the time one should take to actually finalize and invest. I have been told it is a lot of time for an investment, but also the other side of the argument holds that to quadruple returns, it’s okay to spend this kind of time. I think both arguments are correct and incorrect. I guess we will learn as we go by.

There are a few tools that have helped us along the way as well. The usual suspects include Notion, Teams, Zoom, amongst others. We have actually built a bottom-up Investor Checklist which tries to capture most of the boxes that we need to tick off to understand a business. Largely it is WIP, and we are going to keep perfecting the checklist. We have been speaking to quite a few senior VCs/PEs to get better as well, shout out to Arun from Z5 capital, Abhishek from Banyantree, Arul from Barings PE, Anoop from Chiratae who have been gracious enough to show us a few skills of the game and give timely counsel. I should say that I expected the general tone when you ask other VCs for insights to be rather admonishing or mocking, but these gentlemen have been very forthcoming with guidance and understanding. Guess we will pay it forward.

In terms of ideation, we have built a free-flowing funnel with my analysts hard at work to show my principal (Ash) and me 5-6 ideas a week. Keep it going, Rishab, Khushi, and Shreya! There is a lot of movement in the Pre-Series A, Series A space , I some times wonder is there really a funding winter? Maybe Anne Hathaway, in a dance, will tell me, “There is a funding winter coming, Mr. Shankar,” and the bane of a funding winter may hit. Hopefully not!

We are aligning ourselves to make investments in the EV last mile, AI-driven credit management, digital content generation, recycling tech, amongst others. Frankly, we like the business and we like the founders, but there is always a 10% that we are not sure of. The last time I checked with senior investors, this was normal, and the percentage of not being sure increases. So, we’re hoping for the best. As the world is throwing out a new AI or tech opportunity every week, the latest craze being AutoGPT, which is setting GitHub and Reddit on fire, I started thinking, if every tech that VCs are funding today is getting disrupted the next week or the next month or the next year with GPTs and AI, etc., is it a good contrarian strategy to invest in low tech real-world physical businesses? Say, manufacturing, fastening, physical gyms, boating services, sports, etc. I guess we will need to debate. I am crystal-gazing a time where GPT will automatically analyze and allocate funding to a tech idea, and the need for a human VC behind this fund may become null and void! Hmm… doesn’t look like I’ll have a job if this happens!

In terms of exciting news, we just concluded our first exit from our Fund 1, where we exited 90% from Futurice UK (in the digital transformation space) investment. We were able to return pre-tax 77% IRR over two years. We are satisfied with the return, kudos to the Futurice UK team for helping us achieve these returns. The remaining investments in Fund 1 are performing well in spite of the markets being tough for Series B fundraise and for general business ops as well. We hope to have a similar return from the other businesses as well. (Fingers crossed)

Also, we are looking to do a podcast called “The Mama VC” (Iyer mama investing, or a motherly venture capital, whatever pleases the audience) with our invested companies in the mix along with a few interesting people and a lot of humor. Not that we are following a fad, but I like talking a lot, and most of my team does as well, so we might as well use our chief skill set.

Lastly, thanks to Asha, Ganesh, Balaji, Prem, and the extended team at a99 for putting up with me. Please continue doing so, and remember I am doing the same as well! 😉

Cheers,
V

Write in to Pitch@a99.vc or Vignesh@99.vc for any bright ideas or just general brainstorming.

Origin Story

How We Got Here

Can anyone precisely pinpoint why something is started / launched / invented? Sure planning helps in starting a lot of things, a bowler depending on the pitch plans his line of attack same holds for batsmen, But I guess the reason I got into VC investing or the fact we setup Artha99 is more instinctive rather than part of a well thought out plan.

The Secret says the law of attraction helps you get where you want to be if you feel it in your core, so did we all feel it in our core? Well the answer is strangely mixed. I strongly feel it’s a forbidden fruit syndrome that led me and us to where we are today – investing through the VC route.

Let me explain, as a Chartered Accountant doing your articles in the Big4 is considered to be a big deal, its like getting your letter from Hogwarts, most qualified CAs if they do not article with the Big4 make it a point to join them by hook or crook post qualification. I am no different! I am able to accept this today but back then it was more they needed me as I was the best and they couldn’t find anyone better. The analogy here is that the same notion applies to VC firms. Accountants at large aren’t the first choice for most VC firms, it’s the ivy league MBA folks or Entrepreneurs with exits behind them who are given the first swig. So going back to the big4 analogy most CAs either want to be in the Investment Banking space or want to work for a VC when they finish (provided they have heard of these options!) 8 out of 10 do not make it for the above-mentioned reasons.

We started DC Capital way back in the first decade of the new millennium for one of the strangest reasons, if you are a non Big4 you don’t get access to assignments in the assurance risk and diligence space easily, more importantly you do not get access to even the middle management let alone the top management. Deal making opens these doors without a hitch, so basis our 2-bit analysis we setup DC Capital to advise firms on their M&A pursuits along with fund raising, to be fair quite a few corporations gave us a chance and we did reasonably well. That story is for another blog. While we did deals, we saw a few patterns that gave us the first nudge towards setting up a fund sometime down the line.

  • Most VC firms (at least back then) consisted of people who were picked based on academic qualifications rather than years of experience or the ability to run businesses (most of them didn’t get their hands dirty prior)
  • The VC/PE firms that did well were largely consisting of people with prior entrepreneurial / industry experience
  • Entrepreneurs want to have people on board who have sailed the ship prior to pointing the ship in the correct direction
  • The Indian VC space was still blooming (and struggling at that) the thrust was not yet there
  • Ability to filter good deals from all the froth or the cluster helped.

Taking point 1 further, VCs sometimes didn’t realise they are largely financial investors there for financial returns played one upmanship games with entrepreneurs. The above may or may not agree with most but this is what we saw as opportunities for us to someday launch a fund. While we went about our deal making journey, a few things happened, I happened to get an opportunity to run a business in India to begin with and Asia to finish with for a multi national corporation. The Indian VC space post Flipkart and others gave a major thrust to the startup culture where the Indian VC’s shone bright with timely investments. Raising money to invest in India both locally and internationally became more fruitful.

However the VC recruitment for outside Ivy league folks and esp CAs remained a forbidden fruit. Lo and Behold! Artha99 Investment Advisors! This completes the forbidden fruit story and may look like a revenge romance for us in VC investing, but It runs deeper than it seems.

We began to look at ideas and avenues where the India Stack came into play. From our collective experience we were able to judge entrepreneurs better. During our employment years angel investing into startups helped. Having an ear to the floor across industries helped as well. The network built during the IB years brought us deals that were not easily available to others. Also Ganesh and me had a lot of fun in planning this as much as we had in planning the DC Capital chapter. This first shout out is more to capture our journey so far and to give a different take on why sometimes we end up doing things that is always in our horizon but we have a twisted way of getting there. The follow ups will focus more on core investing, our mindset and rationale on investing in the startups we have and will continue to do.

Till then…Ciao.
V

Fund II Journey

FM 104.6!

It’s all surreal now, but it wasn’t for a really long time, and the investment world is dark and deep more investor miles to go… before we launch the next one! (feeling “frost”y!)

When Ganesh (Partner at a99) and me had our usual 30 sec conversation in Late 2021 it went something like this:

Me: “ Dai im quitting Stanley Black & Decker”

Him: “ Seri OK Welcome Back!” (No unnecessary emotions!)

Me: “ We should launch our next SEBI Registered fund”

Him: “Seri OK”

Me: “Evlo (How much) launch Pannalam?”

Him: “ 10 Crores (USD 1.5M)? (our earlier prop fund was closer to USD 0.5M)”

Me: “ Why dont we do 100 Crs? (Approx USD 15M)”

Him: “ Hmmm Seri Ok! Namakku 100 Crores Kuduppangala? (Will we raise 100 or will LPs give us 100 Crs.?) Seri paathukkalam (Ok lets see)”

This 30-45 sec conversation was the entire base for our first large fund we started ideation for – Circa Jan 1st 2022, SEBI Approval (May 19th 2022 – 1 day before I turned 40!) – Official Launch June 1st 2022!

We were 10% committed on day 1 (verbal!) for people who think verbal commitment is closer to 100% actual commitment – Welcome to fools paradise!

At the outset we launched June 2022 we closed 100 Crs June 2024 some further commitments to take it to 5% more than our original fund size. It may appear like a national highway route from Chennai to Bangalore [but] it was not smooth sailing always. We had some emotional highs, hilarious lows, put downs, let downs, signed commitments taken back, unexpected confirmations etc., a typical potboiler.

Some hilarity at work has always accompanied Ganesh and me, for ex: we had an investor from UK who signed the investment documents and pulled out at the last minute because our bankers and us shared the same building address!!(we were on tier 1 and they were tier 0) 🤣 He was suspicious because his bank portal in London told him the transaction looks suspicious! . He has gone incognito since and we are still tracking him to negate the agreement. One more investor committed to invest INR 5 crores but we had to liquidate his real estate holdings in Chennai and take the money! We never managed to sell the house! (we will never do a real estate fund!)

We have had well established family offices run by reputed wealth managers who told us our strategy will not fly as we are looking to focus more on manufacturing and not on tech! (contrarian investing doesn’t work for them!). Before we started our fund raise we drew up a list of people who will surely invest with us, surprise surprise 90% of the list didn’t invest with us! We went to places where we never thought we will go to for fund raise – Siliguri, Coimbatore, New Jersey, Dubai, Singapore, San Ramon, Muscat, Bhubaneshwar, Ranchi! just to name a few, we raised the least from the so called VC hubs (Mumbai Bangalore!) guess we were too new/naive for these hotbeds!

The people who said to us we are thank fun and aspire / perspire to max out the returns from our fund. To the people who told us no we are even more thankful as all the nays made our resolve stronger. My buddies from School were our first backers – thanks for the faith as always! Kumar Uncle – Thanks as always! the rest of our institutional backers and HNI backers we come to work day in and day out to max out your returns.

Our Strategy has been carved/molded through this fund raise period, going from wannabe’s (SAAS, E-Com, BlockChain, Fintech ) to more resolute and steady “hard asset investments” we have come a long way. We hope to do a larger fund post this nailing our strategy out further.

Our invested companies, not only we have our careers riding on you but also our aspirations to max out returns for our investors. We at a99 are always around with our broad shoulders for any heavy lifting/crying/resting etc!

Though the journey has been fulfilling today it has had its share of deep downs, including some of the core team members leaving or wanting to leave, conditional hires (who join with a laundry list of conditions) nasty talk from larger funds literally pooh poohing us for the fact that we launched a fund. We did struggle a lot to move the needle. All said and done the needle moved! Now to complete the investment journey for this special fund that made us VC’s.

Et Bhavam Tat Bhavati!

Transparency

What Delayed This Post?

So its back to writing to and for the a99 team, the investors and the invested. The last time round we waxed eloquent on about why artha99? How we got here and Why we got here? This time want to make the wax on what have we been doing? and what are we seeing with our earlier investments? and where are we investing with the current raise?

First of all kudos to Ganesh, Arjun, the consultants and our internal team at a99 for getting the SEBI registration done for our fund, its got a nice ring to it when we say “ We are a SEBI regd. CAT I Venture Capital Fund”. The process was pretty smooth with Vishwas of Vantage Point advising us along each step. Also SEBI stuck to their turn around time and gave us the approval within 21 working days. For all the stories on how applications are bundled up and how SEBI delays etc, they remain just that.. STORIES! It’s time we appreciate the vigour with which some of our govt. Organisations work.

So we are officially on fund raise mode (unofficially we have always been on fund raise mode) and all of us are on the road. The response has been good and should/will get better. On a daily basis we get to appreciate the saying “ Expect the Unexpected” esp. with our fund raise. People who said yes say no, people who say no say yes, people who don’t have a clue about us like our thesis. People who love our thesis give us inputs on how Crypto as a theme shouldn’t be in our presentation! I just love the process and I try my level best to avoid a No and be as accommodating as possible with feedback. Also the famous “Kitna Deti Hai?” Is often repeated when we reach the returns slide in our deck.

Since the fund raise was not excitement enough, we have decided to move to a new space in the heart of chennai, away from the Zoom/teams calls and getting to work with people in person. We are designing and getting the space done up, we should be ready 1st week of July(will post pictures) We have a new Senior Analyst, who does not not have any investing or Vc experience prior, but a keen sense of understanding businesses and numbers (comes from KPMG in his past), also we have roped in a few smart interns to help us out as well.

Now getting to the investments side, we have frozen our first 3 investment ideas for the new fund, they are in diverse segments such as Electric Mobility (which will most likely become a theme) Hyper Automation (unique and forward looking business model) and a deep tech SAAS platform for the BFSI segment. The term sheet are out and DD underway, we are waiting to announce these investments and will do so very soon! All of these businesses are indigenous and are made in India for the world. This relates to the core of our investment philosophy – “ We identify invest and catalyse businesses for the Indian century” “also to invest in businesses which have revenue streams with a clear visibility on margins and profitability ” #superexcited ,

As i stated in the earlier blog, we don’t forget our roots, this applies to our past Investments as well, A couple of them (Vajro / Futurice) have forged ahead with Series A and significant organic progression in the recent past. We are super excited to share that Intents Mobi one of our earlier bets in the Mapping and Data analytics space have raised a CCD of USD 1M as a bridge prior to their Series A raise. This gives them the runway to progressively grow the business and have a significant Series A. It’s heartening to see the growth in the company from the time we invested in them.

With the learning we had through our earlier investments we plan to build a strong portfolio with the current fund and i can confidently say we have laid a solid foundation for the same with our proposed investments.

Watch this space for more!

Thesis

Motoring Away! Our Thesis on Avartan!

Statutory Warning: This is not an attempt to try and tom tom our investment into A.Avartan – This is not an attempt to display our deep technical knowledge (we dont have it to show it!) – This is not an attempt to show us as deep thinkers with a fool proof investment fail safe strategy (there is no deep thinking when it comes to VC investing its a lot of judgements and expectations also there is no fail safe strategy in equity investments)

“We need a more efficient motor to run our power tools” – Jim Loree Stanley Black and Decker. “We need more efficiency in E-motors for EV Cars to out perform ICE Cars” – All auto enthusiasts. “When will our fans become less noisy?” – All Indians at night. “What a motor mouth you are” – Brian Mcmillan to Steve Waugh. So motors are the sentinels that have found their way into our lives without us noticing since the industrial revolution, we just hope they dont lead to the “Raise and Rule of machines with able support from AI”. Remember “Motors are now Mainstream”

Now that it has been established that motors are as regular in our life as social media, lets look at how they have evolved over the years. So the motor revolution has been going on for some time now. For a layman we have heard Induction / conduction motors / ac motors / dc motors now its on to Brushless Motors (BLDC) / Permanent Magnet Synchronous motors (PMSM) / Switched Reluctance motors (SRM) / Flux Motors etc. Now each of these have a characteristic that is unique to them and has varying efficiency levels.

Largely the above four rule the roost. With BLDC currently being the motor of choice across vehicles , machinery , aircons , equipment and the rest. The rest of the motors are catching on to the bandwagon with strategic inputs and offerings.

Why were we attracted to Avartan?

Lets look at Avartan from the above established lens:

Good Promoters with strong ethics: The promoter family comes with years of experience in the Auto and Industrial space along with relevant work experience in the segment. Ethics are core to their business philosophy and it’s a key consideration in decision making.

Potential innovation / Disruption: The Switched Reluctance motors (SRM) that the company has developed is a deep disruptor in the motor space, thought the technology has been around for years now, the relevant use for the same is being realised now.

The SRM play is to be understood from its bones, meaning it should be seen right from the Raw materials (RM) that go into making it. Normal motors (BLDC, PMSM etc.,) come with magnets (neodymium) built into them . The problem currently and for the foreseeable future is the availability and cost of the same. China currently controls 95% of the supply lines for the neodymium market.

Construction: The SRM consists of a stator with wound copper coils and a rotor made of soft material, typically laminated steel, without any magnets or windings.

Value Added: The Indian government has established India Energy Efficiency Standards which mandate use of high efficiency motors and controllers in utilising electricity , this is on par with the WTO requirements as well. Avartan is well poised to take advantage of this play (which it already is) by supplying SRMs to the Fans and FMEG segment.

Ability of the management team to execute: Inspite of products/solutions being exceptional execution always remains a key risk in most companies across the early stage / venture stage eco system. Avartan’s core team comes with over 20-25 years experience in the auto and industrials space. The company has applied and has been awarded multiple patents int his technology as well.

Market Potential / Traction: Without disclosing much, Avartan has established SRMs as an effective alternative to other magnet based motors , starting with the industrial side. It is only a matter of time before the transition happens into the auto side of things. The lifeline orders are in excess of USD 50M and counting.

Competitive Advantage: At the outset there is no competition currently for Avartan’s SRMs , Turntide is currently not a competitor as there are no common markets where the companies compete. With a significant early mover advantage the company is quite comfortably placed and awaiting a potential competitor.

Potential Exit Opportunities: A good product and investment thesis 9 out of 10 times leads to a reasonable exit. We are like a child scared to commit marks to our parents after a math exam. We know we have done well put in the effort and executed, but there is still a 1% fear factor of goofing up. This nervous energy is good as it keeps the foot planted firmly on the floor and our eyes firmly on the progress the company is making.

In light of the above , We at a99 are honoured thrilled and hopeful of a decent outcome from our investment into A.Avartan. For long we have felt that India needs a product play irrespective of segments that enables it to compete or lead the world. We feel the SRM developed by Avartan is one such product. It’s a matter of going into the right markets and on the point execution. Easier said than done, but we have 100% confidence in the management and the entire team at Avartan to come out with flying colours.

Avartan – “Jagatam Adhipatyam Karishyami”